Roughness improved high gloss ABS sheet and process for preparing thereof

ABSTRACT

A high gloss acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) sheet includes an ABS substrate, an intermediate film of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate formed on top of the ABS substrate, and a fluorinated resin film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) formed on top of the intermediate film. A method of preparing the high gloss ABS sheet is also disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) the benefit of priorityto Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0194118 filed on Dec. 30, 2014,the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) sheet having improved surface roughness and gloss prepared bysequentially laminating an intermediate film ofpoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate as a water-solublepolymer and a fluorinated resin film of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) on the hydrophilized surface of an ABSsubstrate, and a method for preparing thereof.

BACKGROUND

Customers want quality improvement of interior as well as performanceimprovement of a vehicle. Vehicle interior materials play an importantrole in quality improvement of interior. In particular, high gloss ofinterior materials can embody fancier interior, and can increasecustomer's satisfaction.

In the case of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which is arepresentative interior material widely used today, gloss is reduced dueto rough surface generated during injection molding. In order to solvethe gloss reduction problem of the ABS, a method of double coating (2coat) of a polyurethane-based high gloss coating composition on the ABSmaterial is conducting.

Further, in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-0106714 (PatentDocument 1), a method for preparing a high gloss panel by forming an ABSsheet layer on one side of a decoration film, coating a hard coatingcomposition comprising a fluorinated acrylate copolymer on top of theABS sheet, and the hardening thereof is disclosed. The fluorinatedacrylate copolymer used in the Patent Document 1 is a copolymer whereina fluorinated compound is introduced to a backbone of an acrylate resinhaving three or more functional groups as a substituent.

As shown above, in the conventional method, an additional coating of aurethane resin or a fluorinated resin on parts where the ABS material isused was applied to increase gloss.

As a general method for coating the fluorinated resin, there is a powdercoating method and a solution coating method.

In the powder coating method, fluorinated resin powder is sprayed to asubject to be coated, and sintered by high temperature heating to form acoating film. However, because the melting point of a general polymer tobe coated such as ABS is lower than the heating temperature, the powdercoating method is mainly used for coating metal rather than the polymer.

The solution coating is a method of forming a coated film by dissolvinga fluorinated resin in a solvent and coating thereof on a subject to becoated, and it has an advantage that the process is conducted at a lowtemperature condition. However, there is a limit to directly apply thesolution coating method to the general polymer to be coated such as ABSbecause the solvent to dissolve the resin has strong polarity. Thus, inorder to prevent the ABS to be coated from dissolving by the polarsolvent, a hydrophilic intermediate layer, which is not dissolved by thepolar solvent, is needed. Namely, forming a hydrophilic thin film on thehydrophobic surface of the ABS to be coated is needed, and UVozonization is mainly used. However, the UV ozonization forms scratcheson the ABS substrate surface, and therefore, it makes surface roughnessworse. Accordingly, it is not suitable for high gloss coating.

The above information disclosed in this Background section is only forenhancement of understanding of the background of the invention andtherefore it may contain information that does not form the prior artthat is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill inthe art.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure has been made in an effort to solve theabove-described problems associated with prior art.

One of the objects of embodiments of the present invention isto providea high gloss ABS sheet whose surface roughness is improved and gloss isincreased at the same time.

Further, another of the objects of embodiments of the present inventionis to provide a method for improving surface roughness and increasegloss of the ABS substrate at the same time through a series of coatingprocesses.

A high gloss ABS sheet includes an ABS substrate, an intermediate filmof poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate formed on topof the ABS substrate, and a fluorinated resin film of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) formed on top of the intermediate film.

In certain embodiments, the ABS substrate may be hydrophilized.

In certain embodiments, the ABS substrate may be coated with asurfactant solution, and then washed with distilled water and dried.

A method of preparing a high gloss ABS sheet includes a first step ofhydrophilizing the surface of an ABS substrate by coating a surfactantsolution on the substrate, .a second step of washing thesurfactant-coated ABS substrate with distilled water and dryingsurfactant-coated ABS substrate, a third step of forming an intermediatefilm by coating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT-PSS) on top of the dried ABS substrate, and a fourth step ofcoating a fluorinated polymer solution of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) on top of the intermediate film.

In certain embodiments, the surfactant solution may be an aqueous sodiumdodecyl sulfate solution.

In certain embodiments, the drying may be conducted at a temperaturerange of 40 to 60° C.

In certain embodiments, a concentration of the fluorinated polymersolution may be 1 to 8 wt %, and in the fourth step, the coating may beconducted at a coating rate of 1500 to 4500 rpm.

In certain embodiments, a concentration of the fluorinated polymersolution may be 2 to 5 wt %, and in the fourth step, the coating may beconducted at a coating rate of 3000 to 4500 rpm.

In still another aspect, a vehicle interior material includes the highgloss ABS sheet.

Other aspects and preferred embodiments of the invention are discussedinfra.

It is understood that the term “vehicle” or “vehicular” or other similarterm as used herein is inclusive of motor vehicles in general such aspassenger automobiles including sports utility vehicles (SUV), buses,trucks, various commercial vehicles, watercraft including a variety ofboats and ships, aircraft, and the like, and includes hybrid vehicles,electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hydrogen-poweredvehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g. fuels derived fromresources other than petroleum). As referred to herein, a hybrid vehicleis a vehicle that has two or more sources of power, for example bothgasoline-powered and electric-powered vehicles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features of embodiments of the present inventionwill now be described in detail with reference to certain exemplaryembodiments thereof illustrated the accompanying drawings which aregiven hereinbelow by way of illustration only, and thus are notlimitative of the present invention, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is an image comparing droplet spreading phenomenon before andafter coating a surfactant on the ABS substrate surface;

FIG. 2 is an graph comparing gloss of the ABS substrate surfacedepending on whether a washing process is conducted after surfactantcoating or not;

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing gloss change depending on a concentration ofP(VDF-TrFE) solution;

FIG. 4 is a graph comparing 60° (degree) gloss change of the ABS sheetprepared in Example 1 and the bare ABS substrate of Comparative Example1;

FIG. 5 is a graph comparing surface roughness change of the ABS sheetprepared in Example 1 and the bare ABS substrate of Comparative Example1; and

FIG. 6 is an image comparing a droplet contact angle of the ABS sheetprepared in Example 1 and the bare ABS substrate of Comparative Example1.

It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarilyto scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of variouspreferred features illustrative of the basic principles of embodimentsof the invention. The specific design features of embodiments thepresent invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specificdimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined inpart by the particular intended application and use environment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter reference will now be made in detail to various embodimentsof the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings and described below. While exemplary embodimentsof the invention are be described below, it will be understood thatpresent description is not intended to limit the invention to thoseexemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended tocover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives,modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be includedwithin the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

Embodiments of the present invention include a high gloss ABS sheethaving improved surface roughness and increased gloss, and a method forpreparing thereof.

In the high gloss ABS sheet according to an embodiment of the presentinvention, an intermediate film ofpoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate (hereinafter,abbreviated as ‘PEDOT-PSS’) is formed on top of an ABS substrate, and afluorinated resin film of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)(hereinafter, abbreviated as “P(VDF-Tree)’) is formed on top of theintermediate film.

In embodiments of the present invention, instead of directly coating thefluorinated resin film on the ABS substrate, a hydrophilic polymer filmof PEDOT-PSS is used as the intermediate film. Accordingly, compared tothe ABS substrate, surface roughness and gloss are able to be improved.

The method for preparing a high gloss ABS plastic sheet according to anembodiment of the present invention will be described step by step indetail as follows.

The first step is a pretreatment process of semi-permanently changingthe surface characteristic of the ABS substrate from hydrophobic tohydrophilic by coating a surfactant solution on top of the ABSsubstrate.

As illustrated by the image of FIG. 1, a droplet contact angle of theABS substrate became significantly low by coating the surfactantsolution on the ABS substrate. Thus, it can be found that the ABSsubstrate surface is hydrophilized.

Compared to a general hydrophilizing method, UV ozonization, the ABSsubstrate coated with the surfactant was able to maintain hydrophilicitymore consistently.

An example of a method for treating the ABS substrate with thesurfactant solution will be described in detail as follows. Thesurfactant solution was coated on top of the ABS substrate. At thistime, sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as a surfactant, and it was addedto distilled water followed by mixing thereof for 30 min or longer toobtain the surfactant solution at a concentration of 0.5 to 3 wt %. Invarious embodiments of the present invention, coating may be performedby various methods. For example, the surfactant solution was coatedusing a spin coater while sequentially increasing a rate from 500 rpm to3000 rpm. However, the coating is not limited to spin coating; othercoating methods may be used.

The second step is a process of washing the surfactant-coated ABSsubstrate with distilled water and drying thereof.

In certain embodiments, this is a process of washing with distilledwater to enhance the surface of the ABS substrate, which became roughdue to the surfactant coating. The washing time may vary depending onwater intensity. In certain embodiments, it may be conducted for about20 sec to 1 min. The ABS substrate washed with distilled water is driedat a temperature range of 40 to 60° C. for about 10 to 60 min.

In FIG. 2, the result of comparing gloss of the ABS substrate surfacedepending on whether the washing process is conducted after surfactantcoating or not is shown. According to FIG. 2, it could be confirmed thatsurface roughness and gloss of the ABS substrate that is additionallysubjected to the distilled water washing process is improved.

The third step is a process of forming the intermediate film by coatingthe substrate with the PEDOT-PSS polymer solution.

Namely, this is a process of coating the water soluble polymer ofPEDOT:PSS on the surfactant-coated ABS substrate surface. The ABSsubstrate is semi-permanently hydrophilized through the pretreatmentprocess of coating with the surfactant, and therefore, an effect ofmaking the water soluble polymer of PEDOT:PSS possible to form a morehomogeneous water soluble polymer film can be obtained.

In an embodiment, the coating of the PEDOT-PSS was conducted by coatingusing a spin coater while increasing a rate from 500 rpm to 3000 rpm.However, other coating methods and rates may be used.

The fourth step is a process of coating the fluorinated polymersolution.

As the fluorinated polymer, P(VDF-TrFE) having weight average molecularweight of 10,000 or more, preferable of a range of 50,000 to 1,000,000was used. The P(VDF-TrFE) was dissolved in a polar solvent, 2-butanone,before use, and preferably, it was completely dissolved by stirring at atemperature of 80 to 90° C. and a rate of 400 rpm for about 1 hourbefore use.

In certain embodiments, a concentration of the fluorinated polymersolution may be in a range of 1 to 8 wt %. In certain embodiments, theconcentration of the fluorinated polymer solution may be in a range of 2to 7 wt %. In certain embodiments, a rate of coating the P(VDF-TrFE)solution on the ABS substrate may be maintained at 1500 to 4500 rpm. Incertain embodiments, a rate of coating the P(VDF-TrFE) solution on theABS substrate may be 3000 to 4500 rpm. As generally, there is a tendencythat gloss is increased as a coating rate is increased, average glosswas sharply improved to 90% or more at a coating rate of 3000 rpm ormore.

FIG. 3 is a graph comparing gloss change depending on a concentration ofP(VDF-TrFE) solution. Namely, when coating the P(VDF-TrFE) solution onthe ABS substrate at a coating rate of 3500 rpm, the fluorinated polymersolution was prepared at a concentration of 1 wt %, 3 wt % and 7.5 wt %,respectively, coated, and then gloss was compared. According to FIG. 3,it could be confirmed that gloss was the best as 95% or more when aconcentration of the P(VDF-TrFE) solution was 3 wt %.

EXAMPLES

The following examples illustrate embodiments of the invention and arenot intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

1) Surfactant Coating Process

An 5 cm×5 cm ABS substrate was prepared. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (Productof Sigma-Aldrich) was added to distilled water, and mixed for 30 min orlonger to prepare a surfactant solution at a concentration of 3 wt %. Asurfactant solution was coated on top of the ABS substrate using a spincoater while sequentially increasing a rate from 500 rpm→1000 rpm→3000rpm.

2) Process of Washing with Distilled Water and Drying

In order to enhance roughness of the surface caused by surfactantcoating, the ABS substrate was washed under running distilled water for30 sec. The ABS substrate washed with distilled water was dried using ahot plate at 50° C. for 10 min.

3) Process of Forming Water Soluble Polymer Intermediate Film

PEDOT:PSS polymer (Product of Heraeus, German) was filtered through a0.45 μm syringe filter (Manufacturer: advantec), and then used as acoating solution. The PEDOT:PSS coating solution was coated on top ofthe ABS substrate using a spin coater while sequentially increased arate from 500 rpm→1000 rpm→3000 rpm.

4) Process of Forming Fluorinated Resin Film

As a fluorinated polymer, P(VDF-TrFE) having weight average molecularweight of 200,000 (Product of piezotech, France) was used. TheP(VDF-TrFE) was dissolved in 2-butanone (Product of Sigma-aldrich, 99.7%pure) to prepare a solution at a concentration of 3 wt %. TheP(VDF-TrFE) solution was coated on top of the ABS substrate using a spincoater at a coating rate of 3500 rpm.

Gloss, surface roughness and contact angle of the ABS sheet preparedabove were measured, and shown in the following Table 1.

Comparative Example 1

A 5 cm×5 cm ABS substrate was used as Comparative Example 1, and it wasmarked as bare ABS in the following Table 1. Gloss, surface roughnessand contact angle of the bare ABS were measured, and shown in thefollowing Table 1.

Comparative Examples 2 to 4

In preparing the ABS sheet according to Comparative Examples 2-4, aftercoating the surfactant, the process of washing with distilled water wasomitted. And, in Comparative Examples 2 to 4, when coating the 3 wt %fluorinated resin solution is coated on top of the ABS substrate coatedwith the water soluble polymer intermediate film, a coating rate waschanged to 3000 rpm (Comparative Example 2), 3500 rpm (ComparativeExample 3) and 5000 rpm (Comparative Example 4), respectively.

Gloss, surface roughness and contact angle of the ABS sheets prepared inComparative Examples 2 to 4 were measured, and shown in the followingTable 1.

Comparative Examples 5 to 7

In preparing the ABS sheet according to Comparative Examples 5 to 7, thefluorinated resin was coated while changing a concentration of thecoating solution or a coating rate from that of Example 1.

Namely, Comparative Example 5 is an example of preparing the ABS sheetby preparing a fluorinated resin solution of 3 wt %, and coating thereofwhile increasing a coating rate to four steps from 500 rpm→1000 rpm→2000rpm→3500 rpm, thereby preparing an ABS sheet. Comparative Example 6 isan example of preparing a fluorinated resin solution of 1 wt %, andcoating thereof while maintaining a coating rate to 3500 rpm, therebypreparing an ABS sheet. Comparative Example 7 is an example of preparinga fluorinated resin solution of 7.5 wt %, and coating thereof whilemaintaining a coating rate to 3500 rpm, thereby preparing an ABS sheet.

Gloss, surface roughness and contact angle of the ABS sheets prepared inComparative Examples 5 to 7 were measured, and shown in the followingTable 1.

TABLE 1 Example Comparative Example Section 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FluorinatedConc. 3 Bare 3 3 3 3 1 7.5 Resin (wt %) ABS Coating 3500 3000 3500 50003500 3500 3500 Rate (4 step) (rpm) Whether conducting Yes No No No YesYes Yes Washing Process or not Gloss 96 85.4 58.8 55 71.0 65.6 62.3 72.9Roughness (nm) 12.5 31.0 10.8 15.8 19.7 Not Not Out Average 9.9 24.0 8.619.6 15.4 Not Not Out Roughness (nm) Contact Angle (°) 85.6 78.3 — — — —— — Not: not measured Out: Impossible to measure because it is over rms300 nm

Further, in FIGS. 4-6, the results of measuring 60° (degree) glosschange, surface roughness change, and droplet contact angle of the bareABS substrate of Comparative Example 1 and the ABS sheet prepared inExample 1 were compared.

FIG. 4 is the result of comparing gloss, it could be confirmed thatgloss of the ABS sheet prepared in Example 1 was improved about average13%, compared to the ABS substrate surface.

An image of the 30×30 surface area was obtained using an AFM, root meansquare (rms), that is a surface roughness value, was calculated, and theillustrated in FIG. 5. It could be confirmed that surface roughness wasimproved average 59%.

FIG. 6 is the result of comparing droplet contact angle, and it could beconfirmed that surface hydrophobicity was improved.

According to embodiments of the present invention, instead of conductinga process of coating a polyurethane coating composition, high gloss canbe realized to an ABS plastic material by coating a fluorinated resin.

The high gloss ABS sheet prepared in embodiments of the presentinvention is useful as a vehicle interior material.

The invention has been described in detail with reference to preferredembodiments thereof. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled inthe art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departingfrom the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which isdefined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A high gloss acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) sheet, comprising: an ABS substrate; an intermediate film ofpoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen)-polystyrene sulfonate formed on top ofthe ABS substrate; and a fluorinated resin film of poly(vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene) formed on top of the intermediate film. 2.The high gloss ABS sheet of claim 1, wherein the ABS substrate ishydrophilized.
 3. The high gloss ABS sheet of claim 1, wherein the ABSsubstrate is coated with a surfactant solution, and then washed withdistilled water and dried.
 4. A vehicle interior material comprising thehigh gloss ABS sheet of claim 1.